As the cannabis industry continues to grow, so does its specialized language. Understanding key cannabis terminology is essential for consumers, medical patients, and professionals looking to navigate the industry with confidence. Whether discussing cannabinoids, consumption methods, or cultivation techniques, these terms form the foundation of cannabis knowledge.
Cannabis Plant Classifications
Cannabis is often categorized into three main types based on physical traits and effects:
- Indica: Typically associated with relaxation, pain relief, and sedation, indica strains are best suited for nighttime use. These plants are shorter and bushier with broad leaves.
- Sativa: Known for uplifting, energizing effects, sativa strains are favored for daytime use, creativity, and focus. They are taller plants with narrow leaves.
- Hybrid: A genetic mix of indica and sativa, hybrids can be indica-dominant, sativa-dominant, or balanced, offering a range of effects.
Cannabinoids: The Chemical Compounds of Cannabis
Cannabinoids are the active compounds in cannabis that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) to produce various effects. The most common cannabinoids include:
- THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): The psychoactive compound responsible for the euphoric “high” associated with cannabis.
- CBD (Cannabidiol): A non-psychoactive compound known for potential therapeutic benefits, such as reducing pain, inflammation, and anxiety.
- CBG (Cannabigerol): Often called the “mother cannabinoid” because it serves as a precursor to THC and CBD.
- CBN (Cannabinol): A byproduct of THC degradation, known for its sedative and potential sleep-aid properties.
Terpenes: The Aromatic Compounds
Terpenes are natural compounds found in cannabis that contribute to flavor, aroma, and potential effects. Common terpenes include:
- Myrcene: Has an earthy, musky scent and is believed to promote relaxation.
- Limonene: Found in citrus fruits, it may help elevate mood and reduce stress.
- Pinene: Provides a pine-like aroma and is thought to support focus and memory.
Forms of Cannabis Products
Cannabis is consumed in various forms, each offering unique effects and onset times:
- Flower: The dried and cured buds of the cannabis plant, typically smoked or vaporized.
- Edibles: Food and beverages infused with cannabis extracts, known for their delayed but long-lasting effects.
- Concentrates: Potent cannabis extracts like wax, shatter, and resin, used for dabbing or vaping.
- Tinctures: Liquid cannabis extracts that can be taken sublingually (under the tongue) or mixed with food.
- Topicals: Cannabis-infused creams and lotions applied to the skin for localized relief.
Common Consumption Methods
The way cannabis is consumed affects its onset time and duration:
- Smoking: The traditional method of burning cannabis flower and inhaling the smoke.
- Vaping: Heating cannabis flower or concentrates to produce vapor, which may be less harsh than smoke.
- Dabbing: Using a dab rig to vaporize highly concentrated cannabis extracts.
- Sublingual: Placing cannabis tinctures under the tongue for faster absorption.
- Ingestion: Eating edibles, which take longer to kick in but have prolonged effects.
Industry-Specific Terms
- Decarboxylation: The process of heating cannabis to activate cannabinoids like THC and CBD.
- Entourage Effect: The theory that cannabinoids and terpenes work together to enhance effects.
- Full-Spectrum: Cannabis extract that contains a variety of cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Isolate: A purified form of a single cannabinoid, such as CBD isolate.
By understanding these key cannabis terms, consumers and professionals alike can make more informed decisions. As the industry continues to evolve, staying informed ensures a better overall experience with cannabis.